Countries in Europe

Albania  (Shqipëri) Continent: Europe Area: 28,748 km2 (11,100 mi2) Population (2011): 2,821,977 (+0.28% p.a.) Capital: Tirana (Tiranë, Tirona) (421,286k) Other cities: Durrës (Dyrrhachion) (114k), Elbasan (Neokastron, Novigrad) (128k) Languages: Albanian (official), Greek, Vlach, Serbian, Macedonian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Gorani, Roma Products: Crude oil, leather footwear, iron, chromium ore, apparel, textiles, wheat, corn, tobacco, figs, olives Borders: Montenegro, Serbia, The FYROM, Greece Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Lek (ALL) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $11,400 / $5,000 Calling code: +355 Internet domain: .al Independence: November 28, 1912 UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Islam, Christianity National anthem: "Himni i Flamurit" ("Hymn to the Flag") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Andorra Continent: Europe Area: 467.63 km2 (180.55 mi2) Population (2011 est.): 85,082 (+0.27% p.a.) Capital: Andorra la Vella (22,256) Other cities: Les Escaldes (15.5k), Encamp (10.5k) Languages: Catalan (official), Spanish, French, Portuguese Products: Tourism, concentrated milk, malt extract, animal meal & pellets, sugar, fertilisers, IC's, vehicles, orthopaedic appliances, tobacco products Borders: France, Spain Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): - / $53,383 Calling code: +376 Internet domain: .ad Independence (Paréage): 1278 AD (from the Crown of Aragon) UN admission: July 28, 1993 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Armenia   (Հայաստան - 'Hayastan) Continent: Europe & Asia Area: 29,743 km2 (11,484 mi2) Population (2011): 3,018,854 (+0.11% p.a.) Capital: Yerevan (Երևան) (1,060,138) Other cities: Gyumri (Գյումրի) (146k), Vanadzor (Վանաձոր) (105k) Languages: Armenian (official), Russian Products: Copper, ferroalloys, aluminium foil, hard liquor, diamonds, gold, zinc, mineral products, crustaceans, cheese, machine tools, textiles Borders: Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey Time zone: UTC +4 (summer time not observed) Currency: Dram (դր.) (AMD) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $6,128 / $3,037 Calling code: +374 Internet domain: .am Independence (decl.): August 23, 1990 (f. USSR) UN admission: March 2, 1992 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Mer Hayrenik" ("Our Fatherland") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Austria  (Österreich) Continent: Europe Area: 83,855 km2 (32,377 mi2) Population (2011 est.): 8,414,638 (+0.03% p.a.) Capital: Vienna (Wien) (1,765,649) Other cities: Graz (Grác) (265k), Linz (191k), Salzburg (Såizburg) (149k), Innsbruck (122k) Languages: German (official), Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian Products: Machinery & equipment, vehicles & parts, wood, paper & paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron & steel, copper, textiles, foodstuffs, gas, energy, services, tourism Borders: Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $43,796 / $52,216 Calling code: +43 Internet domain: .at Independence (2nd Republic): 1945 UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" ("Land of Mountains, Land by the River") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Belarus  (Белару́сь) Continent: Europe Area: 207,595 km2 (80,155 mi2) Population (2012): 9,457,500 (-0.36% p.a.) Capital: Minsk (Мінск, Минск) (2,002,600) Other cities: Gomel (Го́мель, Homel) (515k), Mogilev (Магілёў 'Mahilioŭ, Могилёв) (371k) Languages: Belarusian, Russian( (both official) Products: Refined oil, fertilisers, tractors, trucks, cheese, butter, sugar, iron products, tires, textiles Borders: Latvia, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania Time zone: UTC +3 (eternal summer time observed) Currency: Belarusian ruble (BYR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $15,633 / $6,739 Calling code: +375 Internet domain: .by Independence (decl.): July 27, 1990 (f. USSR) UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "My Belarusy" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Belgium (Belgique,België) Continent: Europe Area: 30,528 km2 (11,787 mi2) Population (2013): 11,099,554 (+0.06% p.a.) Capital: Brussels (Bruxelles, Brussel) (1,138,854) Other cities: Antwerp (Anvers, Antwerpen) (512k), Ghent (Gand, Gent) (249k) Languages: Dutch, French, German (all official) Products: Medicaments, vehicles & parts, machinery, chemicals, metals & metal products, finished diamonds, foodstuffs, chocolate Borders: Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $38,826 / $47,787 Calling code: +32 Internet domain: .be Independence (decl.): October 4, 1830 (from the Netherlands) UN admission: December 27, 1945 Religions: Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "The Brabançonne" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина) Continent: Europe Area: 51,197km2 (19,741 mi2) Population (2013): 3,791,622 (+0.003% p.a.) Capital: Serajevo (Сарајево) (438,443) Other cities: Banja Luka (Бања Лука) (200k), Tuzla (Тузла) (121k) Languages: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (all official) Products: Electricity, chairs & seats, aluminium, footwear, refined oil, machines, metal products, coal, wood, paper, milk, sugar Borders: Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Convertible mark (BAM) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $9,986 / $4,865 Calling code: +387 Internet domain: .ba Independence: March 1, 1992 (from Yugoslavia) UN admission: May 22, 1992 Religions: Islam, Christianity National anthem: "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine" "National Anthem of Bosnia & Herzegovina" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Bulgaria  (България) Continent: Europe Area: 110,994 km2 (42,823 mi2) Population (2011): 7,364,570 (-0.781% p.a.) Capital: Sofia (София) (1,241,396) Other cities: Plovdiv (Пловдив) (339k), Varna (Варна) (335k), Burgas (Бургас) (201k) Languages: Bulgarian (official), Turkish, Romani Products: Refined oil, copper, packaged medicaments, sunflower seeds, clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery & equipment Borders: Romania, Turkey, Greece, FYROM, Serbia Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Lev (BGN) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $14,870 / $7,582 Calling code: +359 Internet domain: .bg Independence: Oct 5, 1908 (f. Ottoman Empire) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: Мила Родино 'Mila Rodino (Dear Motherland)   Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Croatia  (Hrvatska) Continent: Europe Area: 56,594 km2 (21,851 mi2) Population (2011): 4,284,889 (+0.09% p.a.) Capital: Zagreb (792,875) Other cities: Split (Spalato) (178k), Rijeka (Fiume, Pflaum) (129k) Languages: Croatian (official), Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Ruthenian, Serbian and Slovakian Products: Ships & boats, refined oil, gas, electrical transformers, electricity, medicaments, wood, scrap iron, sugar, furniture, textiles, footwear, plastics Borders: Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Kuna (HRK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $18,314 / $13,920 Calling code: +385 Internet domain: .hr Independence (decl.): Oct 8, 1991 (f. Yugoslavia) UN admission: May 22, 1992 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Lijepa naša domovino" ("Our Beautiful Homeland") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Cyprus  (Κύπρος, Kıbrıs) Continent: Europe & Asia Area: 9,251 km2 (3,572 mi2) Population (2011): 838,897 (+1.57% p.a.) Capital: Nicosia (Λευκωσία, Lefkoşa) (398,293) Other cities: Limassol (Λεμεσός, Limasol) (101k), Larnaca (Λάρνακα, Larnaka) (52k) Languages: Greek, Turkish (both official), English, Armenian, Cypriot Maronite Arabic Products: Refined oil, ships, diodes & transistors, packaged medicaments, iron, copper, cheese & curd, potatoes, fish, cigars, oranges, mantarines Sea borders: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Greece Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $27,085 / $26,389 Calling code: +357 Internet domain: .cy Independence (procl.): August 16,1960 (from U.K.) UN admission: September 20, 1960 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "Ύμνος Εις Την Ελευθερίαν" 'Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían ("Hymn To Freedom") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Czech Republic (Česká Republika) Continent: Europe Area: 78,866 km2 (30,450 mi2) Population (2011): 10,436,560 (+0.13% p.a.) Capital: Prague (Praha) (1,262,106) Other cities: Brno (386k), Ostrava (Ostrau, Ostrawa) (326k) Languages: Czech (official), Slovak, German, Polish, Romani, Russian Products: Vehicles & parts, computers, phones, VDUs, machinery, electricity, metals, chemicals, rubber tires, plastics, textiles, refined oil, coal, gas Borders: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Germany Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Czech koruna (CZK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $28,086 / $18,846 Calling code: +420 Internet domain: .cz Formation: January 1, 1993 UN admission: January 19, 1993 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Kde domov můj?" ("Where Is My Home?") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Denmark  (Danmark) Continent: Europe Area: 42,915.7 km2 (16,562.1 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 5,627,235 (+0.24% p.a.) Capital: Copenhagen (København) (1,181,239) Other cities: Aarhus (260k), Odense (173k) Languages: Danish (official), Faroese, Greenlandic, German Products: Packaged medicaments, machinery, medical instruments, oil, gas, chemicals, pig meat, fish, cheese, metals, ships, vehicles & parts Borders: Germany Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Danish krone (DKK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $37,794 / $57,998 Calling code: +45 Internet domain: .dk Consolidation: 8th century AD UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Der er et yndigt land" ("There is a lovely country") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Estonia  (Eesti) Continent: Europe Area: 45,227 km2 (17,413 mi2) Population (2011): 1,294,486 (-0.65% p.a.) Capital: Tallinn (Таллинн) (431,021) Other cities: Tartu (99k), Narva (Нарва) (59k) Languages: Estonian (official), Russian, Võro, Setu Products: Telephones, refined oil, vehicles & parts, wood, scrap iron, insulated wire, cocoa beans, hard liquor, plastics, rubber tires, apparel, textiles, mattresses, furniture Borders: Latvia, Russia Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $23,213 / $20,179 Calling code: +372 Internet domain: .ee Independence: August 20, 1991 (from USSR) UN admission: September 17, 1991 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" ("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Finland  (Suomi) Continent: Europe Area: 338,424 km2 (130,596 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 5,457,429 (+0.06% p.a.) Capital: Helsinki (Helsingfors) (1,092,404) Other cities: Tampere (Tammerfors) (313k), Espoo (Esbo) (261k), Turku (Åbo) (253k) Languages: Finnish, Swedish (both official), Sami Products: Refined oil, paper, wood, woodpulp, iron & steel, broadcasting equipment, telephones, vehicles, ships & boats, medicaments, medical instruments, chemicals, plastics Borders: Norway, Russia, Sweden Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $36,395 / $36,395 Calling code: +358 Internet domain: .fi Independence: December 6,1917 (from Soviet Russia) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Maamme" ("Our Land") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	France Continent: Europe Area: 640,679 km2 (246,201 mi2) Population (2014): 66,616,416 (+0.47% p.a.) Capital: Paris (10,413,386) Other cities: Marseille (Marselha, Marseilles) (1.6m), Lyon (1.55m), Toulouse ()<> (1.2m) Languages: French (official), Alsatian, Catalan, Corsican, Breton, Gallo, Occitan, Tahitian Products: Machinery, aircrafts, spacecrafts, cars & parts, electronics, medicaments, medical instruments, beauty products, perfumes, chemicals, textiles & apparel, refined oil & gas, plastics, wine, hard liquor, cheese, wheat, corn Borders: Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, Andorra Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR), CFP franc (XPF) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $36,453 / $44,730 Calling code: +33 Internet domain: .fr Formation of Republic: September 22, 1792 UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity, Islam, Judaism National anthem: "La Marseillaise" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Germany  (Deutschland) Continent: Europe Area: 357,168 km2 (137,847 mi2) Population (2011): 80,219,695 (-0.2% p.a.) Capital: Berlin (3,401,147) Other cities: Hamburg (1.79m), Munich (München, Minga) (1.39m), Cologne (Köln, Kölle) (1m), Frankfurt am Main (688k) Languages: German (official), Low German, Frisian, Danish, Sorbian, Romany Products: Machinery, cars, trucks, tractors, vehicle parts, aircrafts, helicopters, spacecrafts, electronics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, mineral fuels (incl. oil), optical/technical/medical instruments, iron and steel, organic chemicals Borders: Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $41,248 / $47,893 Calling code: +49 Internet domain: .de Reunification: October 3, 1990 UN admission: September 18, 1973 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "Das Deutschlandlied" ("Song of the Germans") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Greece  (Ελλάς)(aka Hellas) Continent: Europe Area: 131,957 km2 (50,949 mi2) Population (2011): 10,815,197 (+0.06% p.a.) Capital: Athens (Αθήνα) (3,752,973) Other cities: Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη) aka Salonica (1.1m), Patras (Πάτρα) (214k) Languages: Greek Products: Refined oil, gas, aluminium, machinery, electrical & electronic equipment, pharmaceuticals, plastics, products of iron, steel & copper , marble, olive oil, cheese, grapes, citrus, pitted fruits, fish, vegetables, cotton, textiles, apparel, tobacco, wheat, processed food (fruit, veg & nuts), tourism Borders: Albania, FYROM, Bulgaria, Turkey Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $23,631 / $21,617 Calling code: +30 Internet domain: .gr Independence (recognised): February 2, 1830 (from Ottoman Empire) UN admission: October 25, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: Ύμνος Εις Την Ελευθερίαν (Hymn To Freedom) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Hungary  (Magyarország) Continent: Europe Area: 93,030 km2 (35,919 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 9,879,000 (-0.184% p.a.) Capital: Budapest (1,729,040) Other cities: Debrecen (211k), Miskolc (168k) Languages: Hungarian Products: Machinery, broadcasting equipment, VDUs, computers, cars & parts, medicaments, refined oil, gas, electricity, corn Borders: Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Forint (HUF) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $20,455 / $13,872 Calling code: +36 Internet domain: .hu Secession: 1918 (from Austria-Hungary) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Himnusz" ("Hymn") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Iceland  (Ísland) Continent: Europe Area: 103,001 km2 (39,770 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 325,671 (+0.674% p.a.) Capital: Reykjavík (121,490) Other cities: Kópavogur (32k), Hafnarfjörður (26k) Languages: Icelandic Products: Aluminium (raw & products), fish, crustaceans, ferroalloys, aircrafts & spacecrafts, medicaments, animal feed Sea borders: Denmark, Norway Time zone: UTC +0 (summer time not observed) Currency: Icelandic króna (ISK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $39,223 / $41,739 Calling code: +354 Internet domain: .is Formation (Republic): June 17, 1944 UN admission: November 19, 1946 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Lofsöngur" ("Hymn") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Ireland  (Éire) Continent: Europe Area: 70,273 km2 (27,133 mi2) Population (2011): 4,588,252 (+1.112% p.a.) Capital: Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath) (1,110,627) Other cities: Cork (Corcaigh) (199k), Limerick (Luimneach) (96k) Languages: Irish, English (both official) Products: Medicaments, organic chemicals, ADP machines, IC's, computers, optical fibers, meat, dairy products, broadcasting equipment, orthopaedic appliances, medical instruments, hard liquor Borders: United Kingdom (U.K.) Time zone: UTC/BST +0 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $43,592 / $45,888 Calling code: +353 Internet domain: .ie Independence (decl.): April 24, 1916 (from UK) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Amhrán na bhFiann" ("The Soldiers' Song") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Italy  (Italia) Continent: Europe Area: 301,338 km2 (116,347 mi2) Population (2011): 59,433,744 (+0.38% p.a.) Capital: Rome (Roma) (2,645,907) Other cities: Milan (Milano) (1.35m), Naples (Napoli) (1.06m), Turin (Torino) (912k), Palermo (655k) Languages: Italian Products: Machinery, vehicles & parts, aircrafts & parts, ships, refined oil, medicaments, chemicals, electronics, textiles, apparel, footwear, iron & steel, wine, gold, jewellery, meat, cheese, olive oil, pasta Borders: Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, France, San Marino, Vatican City Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $30,218 / $35,123 Calling code: +39 Internet domain: .it Formation: March 17, 1861 UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Il Canto degli Italiani" ("The Song of the Italians") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Latvia  (Latvija, Латвия) Continent: Europe Area: 64,589 km2 (24,938 mi2) Population (2011): 2,070,371 (-0.598% p.a.) Capital: Riga (Rīga, Рига) (693,064) Other cities: Daugavpils (Даугавпилс) (101k), Liepāja (Лиепая, Libau, Lipawa) (82k) Languages: Latvian (official), Russian Products: Refined oil, wood & wood products, packaged medicaments, hard liquor, vehicles & parts, scrap metal, metal products, machines & equipment, wheat, textiles, garments Borders: Estonia, Russia, Belarus, Lithuania Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $22,150 / $16,138 Calling code: +371 Internet domain: .lv Independence (decl.): 4 May 1990 (from USSR) UN admission: September 17, 1991 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Dievs, svētī Latviju!" (God Bless Latvia!) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Liechtenstein Continent: Europe Area: 160 km2 (61 mi2) Population (2011 est.): 36,281 (+0.795% p.a.) Capital: Vaduz (5,342) Largest city: Schaan (5,758) Other cities: Triesen (4.6k), Balzers (4.4k) Languages: German (official), Alemannic dialect of German, Swiss Standard German Products: Financial services, ceramics, saucage casings, false teeth Borders: Austria, Switzerland Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Swiss franc (CHF) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $98,432 / $143,151 Calling code: +423 Internet domain: .li Independence: 1866 (f. German Confederation) UN admission: September 18, 1990 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "Oben am jungen Rhein" ("Up Above the Young Rhine") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Lithuania  (Lietuvos, Литва) Continent: Europe Area: 65,300 km2 (25,212 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 2,944,459 (-0.278% p.a.) Capital: Vilnius (Wilno, Вiльня, Wilna, Viļņa, Вильнюс, Vilno, ווילנע) (539,939) Other cities: Kaunas (Каунас) (311k), Klaipėda (Memel, Клайпедский) (157k) Languages: Lithuanian (official), Russian, Polish Products: Refined oil, vehicles & parts, fertilisers, chemicals, machinery & equipment, furniture, rolled tobacco, plastics, wheat, cheese, metals, textiles Borders: Latvia, Belarus, Poland, Russia Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Lithuanian litas (Lt) (LTL) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $23,850 / $16,600 Calling code: +370 Internet domain: .lt Independence: March 11, 1990 (from U.S.S.R.) UN admission: September 17, 1991 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Tautiška giesmė" ("National Song") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Luxembourg (Luxemburg, Lëtzebuerg) Continent: Europe Area: 2,586.4 km2 (998.6 mi2) Population (2013 est.): 537,853 (+1.135% p.a.) Capital: Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg) (94,034) Other cities: Esch-sur-Alzette (Esch-Uelzecht) (28k), Differdange (Déifferdeng) (19k) Languages: French, German, Luxembourgish (all official) Products: Iron & steel products, cars, rubber products, chemicals, cut paper, plastics Borders: Germany, France, Belgium Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $79,785 / $107,206 Calling code: +352 Internet domain: .lu Independence: June 9, 1815 (f. French Empire) UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Ons Hémécht" ("Our Homeland") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Malta Continent: Europe Area: 316 km2 (121 mi2) Population (2011): 416,055 (+0.34% p.a.) Capital: Valetta (Il-Belt) (6,966) Largest city: Birkirkara or B'Kara (Birchircara) (22k) Other cities: Qormi (Città Pinto) (19k), Mosta (18k) Languages: Maltese, English (both official), Italian, French Products: Refined oil, ICs, semiconductors, medicaments, fish, ships & boats, gold, medical instruments, vehicle & aircraft parts Sea borders: Italy, Libya Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $27,022 / $20,852 Calling code: +356 Internet domain: .mt Independence: September 21, 1964 (from UK) UN admission: December 1, 1964 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "L-Innu Malti" ("The Maltese Hymn") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Moldova Continent: Europe Area: 33,846 km2 (13,067 mi2) Population (2012 est.): 3,559,500 (-1.02% p.a.) Capital: Chișinău (Kishinev, Кишинёв) (723,500) Other cities: Tiraspol (Тирасполь) (149k), Bălţi (Bielce, Бельцы, Бэлць, Бєльці) (144k) Languages: Romanian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Gagauz Products: Insulated wire, sunflower seeds, wine, nuts, seed oils, leather footwear, packaged medicaments, textiles, apparel, machinery, furniture, apples & pears, corn, rapeseed, soybeans wheat Borders: Ukraine, Romania Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Moldovan leu (MDL) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $4,219 / $2,038 Calling code: +373 Internet domain: .md Independence (decl.): August 27, 1991 (from USSR) UN admission: March 2, 1992 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Limba Noastră" ("Our Language") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Monaco Continent: Europe Area: 2.02 km2 (0.78 mi2) Population (2011 est.): 36,371 (-0.1% p.a.) Capital: Monaco (city-state) Largest Quartier: Monte Carlo (Monte-Carl, Monte-Carlu) (15k) Languages: French (official), Monégasque, Italian, Occitan, English Products: Financial & commercial services, tourism Borders: France Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $132,571 / $153,177 Calling code: +377 Internet domain: .mc Independence: 1297 AD (House of Grimaldi) UN admission: May 28, 1993 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Hymne Monégasque" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Montenegro (Црна Гора, Crna Gora) Continent: Europe Area: 13,812 km2 (5,019 mi2) Population (2011): 625,266 (-0.633% p.a.) Capital: Podgorica (Подгорица) (156,169) Other cities: Nikšić (Никшић) (58k), Pljevlja (Пљевља) (21k) Languages: Montenegrin (official), Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian Products: Raw aluminium, scrap iron & copper, metal products, wine, wood, refined oil, explosives, medicaments, machinery, equipment Borders: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Albania, Croatia Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $11,800 / $6,881 Calling code: +382 Internet domain: .me Independence: June 3, 2006 (from Serbia & Mon/gro) UN admission: June 28, 2006 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro (Oh, Bright Dawn of May) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Netherlands  (Nederland) Continent: Europe Area: 41,543 km2 (16,039 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 16,819,595 (+0.452% pa) Capital: Amsterdam (1,108,297) Other cities: Rotterdam (1m), The Hague (Den Haag) (656k), Utrecht (488k), Eindhoven (337k) Languages: Dutch (official), West Frisian, Limburgish, Dutch Low Saxon, English, Papiamento Products: Oil, gas, machinery, computers, phones, electronics, packaged medicaments, vehicles & parts, metals, cut flowers, dairy products, plastics, chemicals, medical instruments, rolled tobacco, beer Borders: Germany, Belgium Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) In Caribbean Netherlands: US dollar ($) (USD) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $42,586 / $49,765 Calling code: +31 Internet domain: .nl Independence (decl.): July 26, 1581 (from the Spanish Empire) UN admission: December 10, 1945 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "The Wilhelmus" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Norway  (Norge, Noreg) Continent: Europe Area: 385,178 km2 (148,718 mi2) Population (2013): 5,136,700 (+0.3% p.a.) Capital: Oslo (925,242) Other cities: Bergen (238k), Stavanger/Sandnes (201k), Trondheim (182k), Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg (102k) Languages: Norwegian (Bokmål/Nynorsk)(official), Kven, Northern/Lule/Southern Sami Products: Oil, gas, fish, aluminium, nickel, ships & boats, machinery, paper goods Borders: Russia, Finland, Sweden Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Norwegian krone (NOK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $55,398 / $101,271 Calling code: +47 Internet domain: .no Formation: 872 AD (unification) UN admission: November 27, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" ("Yes, we love this country") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Poland  (Polska) Continent: Europe Area: 312,679 km2 (120,696.41 mi2) Population (2012): 38,544,513 (-0.08% p.a.) Capital: Warsaw (Warszawa) (1,706,624) Other cities: Kraków (Cracow) (766k), Łódź (753k) Languages: Polish (official), Kashubian Products: Vehicles & parts, ships, video displays, computers, machinery & equipment, furniture, refined oil, refined copper, packaged medicaments, rubber tires, rolled tobacco, iron structures, paper goods Borders: Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Złoty (PLN) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $21,118 / $13,334 Calling code: +48 Internet domain: .pl Formation (Kingdom of Poland): April 18, 1025 UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity, Judaism National anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" ("Poland Is Not Yet Lost") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Portugal Continent: Europe Area: 92,212 km2 (35,603 mi2) Population (2012 est.): 10,487,289 (+0.18% p.a.) Capital: Lisbon (Lisboa) (3,051,000) Other cities: Porto (Oporto) (1.4m), Braga (182k), Amadora (177k), Setúbal (119k) Languages: Portuguese (official), Mirandese Products: Vehicles & parts, refined oil, machinery & tools, apparel & textiles, footwear, medicaments, wine, furniture, paper, rubber tires, gold, copper ore, tomatoes, tobacco Borders: Spain Time zone: UTC/BST +0 (Azores: UTC/BST -1) Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $23,671 / $21,765 Calling code: +351 Internet domain: .pt Formation: 868 AD (foundation) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "A Portuguesa" ("The Portuguese") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Romania  (România) Continent: Europe Area: 238,391 km2 (92,043 mi2) Population (2011): 20,121,641 (-0.26% p.a.) Capital: Bucharest (București) (1,883,425) Other cities: Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg, Kolozsvár) (325k), Timișoara (Temeswar, Temesvár) (319k) Languages: Romanian (official), Hungarian, Vlax Romani Products: Vehicles & parts, insulated wire, broadcasting equipment, refined oil, rubber tires, iron & steel products, apparel & textiles, wood & wood products, footwear, furniture, ships, rolled tobacco, corn, packaged medicaments, fertilizers Borders: Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary Time zone: UTC/BST +2 Currency: Romanian leu (RON) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $13,395 / $8,910 Calling code: +40 Internet domain: .ro Independence: 1877-8 AD (from Ottoman Empire) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Deşteaptă-te, române!" ("Awaken Thee, Romanian") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Russia  (Россия) Continent: Europe (& Asia) Area: 17,098,242 km2 (6,592,800 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 143,700,000 (-0.48% pa) Capital: Moscow (Москва) (11,514,330) Other cities: Saint Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) (4.8m), Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) (1.4m) Languages: Russian (official) & [many more] Products: Crude & refined oil, gas, iron ore & products, coal briquettes, platinum, diamonds, wood, fertilisers, machinery & equipment, aluminium, chemicals, copper, wheat Borders: North Korea, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Norway Time zone: UTC +3 to +12 (no summer time) Currency: Russian ruble (RUB) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $17,884 / $14,818 Calling code: +7 Internet domain: .ru, .su, .рф (ISO code: RU) Formation (Federation): December 25, 1991 UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: Государственный гимн Российской Федерации 'Gosudarstvenny gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii ("State Anthem of the Russian Federation") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	San Marino Continent: Europe Area: 61.2 km2 (24 mi2) Population (2012 est.): 32,576 (+0.98% p.a.) Capital: City of San Marino (aka San Marino) (Città di San Marino, aka Città) (4,128) Largest city: Dogana (7,000) Languages: Italian Products: Banking, machines (washing, bottling & woodworking), computers, light pure woven cotton, telephones, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicaments, pesticides, ceramics, apparel, textiles, furskin apparel, metal products, cars, rubber pipes Borders: Italy Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $35,928 / $44,208 Calling code: +378 (+39 0549 via Italy) Internet domain: .sm Independence: Sept. 3, 301 (f. Roman Empire) UN admission: March 2, 1992 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" ("The National Anthem of the Republic") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Serbia  (Србија, Srbija) Continent: Europe Area: 88,361 km2 (34,116 mi2) Population (2011): 7,186,862 (-0.464% p.a.) Capital: Belgrade (Београд, Beograd) (1,166,763) Other cities: Novi Sad (Нови Сад) (251k), Niš (Ниш) (183k), Kragujevac (Крагујевац) (180k) Languages: Serbian (official),Hungarian,Slovak, Albanian,Romanian,Bulgarian,Rusyn,Bosnian,Croatian Products: Hot-rolled iron, corn, metal products, insulated copper wire, rubber tires, plastics, chemicals, apparel & textiles, footwear, furniture, frozen fruits & nuts, sugar Borders: Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, FYROM, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Serbian dinar (RSD) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $11,268 / $5,906 Calling code: +381 Internet domain: .rs, .срб Independence (Republic): 2006 UN admission: November 1, 2000 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Bože pravde" ("God of Justice") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Slovakia  (Slovensko) Continent: Europe Area: 49,035 km2 (18,932 mi2) Population (2013 est.): 5,415,949 (+0.1% p.a.) Capital: Bratislava (Pozsony, Preßburg) (413,192) Other cities: Košice (Kaschau, Kassa)(241k), Prešov (Eperjes, Пряшів) (92k), Žilina (Sillein, Zsolna) (85k) Languages: Slovak (official), Hungarian, Rusyn Products: Cars & parts, video displays, machinery and electrical equipment, refined oil, gas, iron products, chemicals, rubber tires, plastics Borders: Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $25,525 / $18,792 Calling code: +421 Internet domain: .sk Independence: January 1, 1993 (f. Czechoslovakia) UN admission: January 19, 1993 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Nad Tatrou sa blýska" ("Lightning Over the Tatras") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Slovenia  (Slovenija) Continent: Europe Area: 20,273 km2 (7,827 mi2) Population (2014 est.): 2,061,085 (-0.185% p.a.) Capital: Ljubljana (Laibach, Lubiana) (274,826) Other cities: Maribor (Marburg an der Drau) (114k), Celje (50k), Kranj (37k), Velenje (Wöllan) (25k) Languages: Slovene (official), Hungarian, Italian Products: Vehicles & parts, packaged medicaments, machinery & equipment, seats, wood, paper, metals, refined oil, rubber tires Borders: Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Italy Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $28,373 / $23,702 Calling code: +386 Internet domain: .si Independence: June 25, 1991 (from Yugoslavia) UN admission: May 22, 1992 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Zdravljica" ("A Toast") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
Spain  (España) Continent: Europe Area: 505,902 km2 (195,364 mi2) Population (2011): 46,815,916 (+0.654% p.a.) Capital: Madrid (6,489,680) Other cities: Barcelona (4.25m), Valencia (1.5m), Seville (Sevilla) (703k), Zaragoza (701k) Languages: Spanish (official), Basque, Catalan, Galician, Occitan Products: Vehicles & parts, refined oil, chemicals, medicaments, machinery & equipment, metal products, citrus, wine, olive oil, meat, apparel Borders: France, Andorra, Morocco, U.K., Portugal Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Euro (€) (EUR) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $30,741 / $30,315 Calling code: +34 Internet domain: .es Formation: 1479 (Dynastic) UN admission: December 14, 1955 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: "La Marcha Real" (Royal March) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Sweden  (Sverige) Continent: Europe Area: 449,964 km2 (173,745 mi2) Population (2013): 9,644,864 (+0.168% p.a.) Capital: Stockholm (1,372,565) Other cities: Gothenburg (Göteborg) (550k), Malmö (308k), Uppsala (141k), Västerås (111k) Languages: Swedish (official), Finnish, Meänkieli, Sami, Romani, Yiddish Products: Refined oil, telephones, medicaments, cars & parts, machinery, paper products, pulp and wood, iron & steel products, military armaments Borders: Norway, Finland Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Swedish krona (SEK) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $40,870 / $57,297 Calling code: +46 Internet domain: .se Establishment: Middle Ages UN admission: November 19, 1946 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Du gamla, Du fria" ("Thou ancient, thou free") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Switzerland (Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera) Continent: Europe Area: 41,285 km2 (15,940 mi2) Population (2011): 7,954,700 (+0.92% p.a.) Capital: Bern (127,515) Largest city: Zürich (Züri) (383,708) Other cities: Geneva (Genève, Genf, Ginevra) (195k), Basle (Basel, Bâle, Basilea) (173k) Languages: French, German, Italian, Romansh (all official) Products: Gold, packaged medicaments, human & animal blood, watches, jewellery, machinery & equipment, chemicals, medical instruments, orthopaedic appliances, aircrafts & parts, rolled tobacco, cheese, chocolate, coffee Borders: Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, France Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Swiss franc (CHF) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $47,863 / $86,145 Calling code: +41 Internet domain: .ch Formation: c. 1300 (foundation date) UN admission: September 10, 2002 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: Schweizerpsalm (Swiss Psalm) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...
The FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia поранешна Југословенска Република Македонија Continent: Europe Area: 25,713 km2 (9,779 mi2) Population (2011 est.): 2,058,539 (+0.237% p.a.) Capital: Skopje (Скопје) (506,926) Other cities: Bitola (Битола) (81k), Kumanovo (Куманово) (71k), Prilep (Прилеп) (62k) Languages: Macedonian (official), Albanian, Turkish, Roma, Serbian Products: Reaction & catalytic products, ferroalloys, iron products, apparel, textiles, tobacco, refined oil, copper, lead, zinc, wine Borders: Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania Time zone: UTC/BST +1 Currency: Macedonian denar (MKD) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $10,718 / $4,935 Calling code: +389 Internet domain: .mk, .мкд (ISO code: MK) Independence (decl.): September 8, 1991 (from Yugoslavia) UN admission: April 8, 1993 Religions: Christianity, Islam National anthem: Denes nad Makedonija (Today Over Macedonia) Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	Ukraine  (Україна 'Ukrayina) Continent: Europe Area: 603,628 km2 (233,062 mi2) Population (2013 est.): 44,573,205 (-0.625% pa) Capital: Kiev (Киев) aka Kyiv (Київ) (2,847,200) Other cities: Kharkiv (Харків) aka Kharkov (Ха́рьков) (1.47m), Odessa (Одеса, Оде́сса) (1.03m) Languages: Ukrainian (official), Russian, Armenian, Albanian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, German, Greek, Hungarian, Karaim, Krymchak, Moldovan, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Slovak, Yiddish Products: Iron products, iron ore, railway freight cars, locomotive parts, refined oil, coal, coke, seed oils, chemicals, machinery & equipment, ferroalloys, fertilizers, corn, wheat, chocolate Borders: Belarus, Russia, Romania, Moldova, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland Time zone: UTC/BST +2(no DST in Crimea) Currency: Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $7,422 / $3,862 Calling code: +380 Internet domain: .ua, .ykp (ISO code: UA) Independence: August 24, 1991 (from Soviet Union) UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity National anthem: "Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy" ("Ukraine has Not Yet Died") Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...	United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland (U.K.) Continent: Europe Area: 243,610 km2 (94,060 mi2) Population (2011): 63,181,775 (+0.553% p.a.) Capital: London (8,308,369) Other cities: Manchester (2.6m), Birmingham (2.5m), Leeds (1.8m), Liverpool (1.5m), Glasgow (1.2m) Languages: English (official), Scots, Ulster-Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Irish, Scottish Gaelic Products: Vehicles & parts, refined & crude oil, gas, gas turbines, machinery & equipment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hard liquor, diamonds, gemstones, gold, textiles, metal & paper products, plastics Borders: Ireland Time zone: UTC/BST +0 Currency: Pound sterling (GBP) GDPPC (PPP / Nominal): $38,309 / $40,879 Calling code: +44 Internet domain: .uk (ISO code: GB) Formation: May 1, 1707 UN admission: October 24, 1945 Religions: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism National anthem: "God Save the Queen" Nations Online | Travel | Lonely Planet | More...